🌎 Kingdom Nations Series – Part 138
🇵🇪 Chapter 1 – Part 1
Peru: The Mountain Kingdom
Caral, Nazca, Moche, Wari, Tiwanaku, the Inca Empire, Machu Picchu, Spanish Conquest, Francisco Pizarro, the Viceroyalty, Independence, José de San MartÃn, Simón BolÃvar, the War of the Pacific, Quechua and Aymara Peoples, Catholicism, Indigenous Christianity, the Andes, Amazonia, Biodiversity, Mining, Agriculture, and Peru's Kingdom Calling
"He hath made every thing beautiful in his time." — Ecclesiastes 3:11
Introduction
Peru is one of the great civilizational centers of the Americas.
Its history reaches through:
Ancient coastal civilizations.
Caral.
Nazca.
Moche.
Wari.
Chimú.
Tiwanaku.
The Inca Empire.
Cusco.
Machu Picchu.
Spanish conquest.
Francisco Pizarro.
The Viceroyalty of Peru.
Catholic Christianity.
Indigenous resistance.
The struggle for independence.
José de San MartÃn.
Simón BolÃvar.
The War of the Pacific.
The Andes.
The Amazon.
Quechua peoples.
Aymara peoples.
Indigenous communities.
Afro-Peruvian culture.
Chinese and Japanese Peruvian communities.
Mining.
Agriculture.
Fishing.
Tourism.
Biodiversity.
And the continuing challenge of bringing together:
Indigenous heritage, Christian faith, national identity, economic development, and justice.
Peru is a nation of extraordinary contrasts.
It contains:
Desert.
Mountains.
Rainforest.
Pacific Ocean.
And ancient civilizations whose achievements continue to astonish the world.
Where Is Peru?
Peru is located on the:
western side of South America.
Pacific Ocean
Peru's western boundary is:
the Pacific Ocean.
Neighbors
Peru borders:
Ecuador
to the northwest.
Colombia
to the north.
Brazil
to the east.
Bolivia
to the southeast.
Chile
to the south.
A Pacific Nation
Peru's Pacific coastline stretches for:
Thousands of kilometers.
Three Great Geographic Regions
Peru is traditionally divided into:
Costa
Sierra
and:
Selva
Costa
The:
Costa
is the coastal region.
Coastal Desert
Much of Peru's coast is:
Extremely dry.
Yet Rivers Flow
The Andes send rivers westward toward:
The Pacific.
Irrigation
Ancient civilizations transformed portions of the desert through:
Irrigation.
Sierra
The:
Sierra
is the mountainous Andes region.
Andes
The Andes dominate:
Central and southern Peru.
Huascarán
Peru's highest mountain is:
Huascarán.
Elevation
Huascarán rises to more than:
6,700 meters.
Selva
The:
Selva
is Peru's Amazonian region.
Amazon Basin
Eastern Peru contains enormous:
Rainforests.
Amazon River System
Peruvian rivers ultimately feed:
The Amazon Basin.
Three Worlds
Peru therefore contains:
Desert.
Mountains.
Rainforest.
Lima
The capital is:
Lima.
Lima
Lima is located on:
The Pacific coast.
Megacity
Lima is one of the largest cities in:
South America.
Coastal Capital
Lima's unusual environment combines:
Desert.
Ocean.
And:
Andean migration.
Ancient Peru
Peru's civilizations are among the oldest in:
The Americas.
Caral
One of the most important ancient sites is:
Caral.
Caral-Supe
Caral dates back approximately:
5,000 years.
One of the Oldest Civilizations
Caral is one of the oldest known:
Civilizations in the Americas.
Pyramids
Caral contains monumental:
Pyramidal structures.
Urban Society
Caral demonstrates early development of:
Urban life.
Agriculture
Ancient Peruvians cultivated:
Cotton.
Squash.
Beans.
Peppers.
Other crops.
Cotton
Cotton was particularly important for:
Textiles.
Fishing
Coastal communities depended heavily upon:
The Pacific Ocean.
Marine Resources
Fish provided:
Protein.
Trade.
Coastal Civilization
Ancient Peru demonstrates that:
Deserts can support civilizations.
Nazca
Another famous civilization was:
Nazca.
Nazca Culture
Nazca civilization flourished along:
The southern Peruvian coast.
Nazca Lines
The Nazca are famous for:
the Nazca Lines.
Nazca Lines
The enormous geoglyphs depict:
Animals.
Plants.
Geometric forms.
Hummingbird
One of the most famous figures is:
The hummingbird.
Spider
Another famous figure is:
The spider.
Condor
The:
Condor
also appears.
Purpose
The precise purpose of the Nazca Lines remains:
Debated.
Moche
The:
Moche
developed along the northern coast.
Moche Civilization
The Moche are famous for:
Ceramics.
Metallurgy.
Architecture.
Irrigation.
Huaca del Sol
The:
Huaca del Sol
is one of the largest adobe structures in:
The Americas.
Huaca de la Luna
The:
Huaca de la Luna
contains remarkable:
Murals.
Moche Art
Moche ceramics depict:
People.
Animals.
Plants.
Religious scenes.
Portrait Vessels
Moche artists created extraordinarily realistic:
Portrait vessels.
Sipán
The:
Lord of Sipán
was one of the most important archaeological discoveries in:
Peru.
Royal Tomb
The tomb contained:
Gold.
Silver.
Ceramics.
Jewelry.
Ancient Engineering
Moche engineers developed extensive:
Irrigation systems.
Desert Agriculture
They turned dry landscapes into:
Agricultural zones.
Wari
The:
Wari Empire
later developed in the Andes.
Wari
Wari built:
Roads.
Administrative centers.
Terraces.
Andean Statecraft
Wari influenced later:
Andean political organization.
Tiwanaku
The:
Tiwanaku
civilization developed around:
Lake Titicaca.
Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca lies on the border between:
Peru.
and:
Bolivia.
High-Altitude Civilization
Tiwanaku demonstrates the ability of humans to develop complex societies at:
Extreme elevations.
Aymara
The region remains deeply connected with:
Aymara peoples.
Chimú
The:
Chimú
later developed a powerful coastal state.
Chan Chan
Their capital was:
Chan Chan.
Chan Chan
Chan Chan became one of the largest cities of:
Pre-Columbian South America.
Adobe
Much of Chan Chan was constructed from:
Adobe.
Irrigation
The Chimú developed sophisticated:
Water systems.
Inca
Then came:
the Inca.
Inca Empire
The Inca created the largest empire in:
Pre-Columbian South America.
Tawantinsuyu
The Inca called their empire:
Tawantinsuyu.
Four Regions
Tawantinsuyu means:
The Four Regions.
Four Suyus
The empire was divided into:
Chinchaysuyu.
Antisuyu.
Qullasuyu.
Kuntisuyu.
Cusco
The imperial capital was:
Cusco.
Cusco
Cusco became the political and spiritual center of:
The Inca Empire.
Inca Roads
The Inca built an enormous:
Road network.
Qhapaq Ñan
The:
Qhapaq Ñan
was the great Andean road system.
Roads
The network connected:
Mountains.
Valleys.
Coasts.
Administrative centers.
Runners
Messages traveled through:
Relay runners.
Chasquis
These runners were called:
chasquis.
Quipu
The Inca used:
quipu
for recording information.
Quipu
Quipu consisted of:
Knotted cords.
Record Keeping
Quipu could encode:
Numbers.
Administrative information.
Agriculture
The Inca developed extraordinary:
Terracing systems.
Terraces
Mountain slopes were transformed into:
Agricultural terraces.
Andes
Terraces reduced:
Erosion.
Microclimates
Terraces created different:
Growing environments.
Potatoes
The Andes were the homeland of:
The potato.
Potato
Thousands of potato varieties developed in:
The Andes.
Global Impact
The potato eventually transformed:
World agriculture.
Quinoa
Another important Andean crop is:
quinoa.
Maize
Maize was also central to:
Andean agriculture.
Llamas
The Inca relied upon:
Llamas.
Alpacas
Alpacas provided:
Fiber.
Vicunñas
Vicunñas were valued for their:
Fine wool.
Andean Textiles
Textiles were among the most important:
Inca technologies.
Gold
The Inca used:
Gold.
Gold
Gold was associated with:
The sun.
Silver
Silver was also important.
Religion
The Inca worshiped:
Multiple deities.
Inti
The sun god was:
Inti.
Pachamama
The concept of:
Pachamama
remains important in Andean culture.
Pachamama
Often associated with:
Mother Earth.
Syncretism
Christianity later interacted with:
Indigenous traditions.
Machu Picchu
The most famous Inca site is:
Machu Picchu.
Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu sits high in:
The Andes.
Inca Architecture
Its stonework demonstrates extraordinary:
Engineering.
Stone
Inca builders fitted stones:
With remarkable precision.
Terraces
Machu Picchu contains extensive:
Agricultural terraces.
Water
Its builders developed:
Sophisticated water systems.
UNESCO
Machu Picchu is recognized as:
A World Heritage site.
Global Symbol
Machu Picchu has become a symbol of:
Peruvian civilization.
Spanish Arrival
The Spanish arrived during the:
Sixteenth century.
Francisco Pizarro
The central Spanish conquistador was:
Francisco Pizarro.
1532
Pizarro captured:
Atahualpa
in:
1532.
Atahualpa
Atahualpa was one of the Inca rulers.
Cajamarca
The encounter occurred at:
Cajamarca.
Inca Civil War
The Inca Empire had already been weakened by:
Civil war.
Huáscar
Atahualpa had fought against:
Huáscar
for control of the empire.
Small Spanish Force
The Spanish exploited:
Political divisions.
Disease
European diseases also devastated:
Indigenous populations.
Smallpox
Smallpox had spread through the Americas before:
Pizarro's arrival in Peru.
Conquest
The Spanish eventually captured:
Cusco.
Inca Resistance
Inca resistance continued.
Manco Inca
Manco Inca
led major resistance.
Vilcabamba
The last independent Inca state centered around:
Vilcabamba.
Spanish Victory
The final Inca resistance was defeated in:
1572.
Colonial Peru
Peru became the center of:
The Spanish Empire in South America.
Viceroyalty
The:
Viceroyalty of Peru
was established.
Lima
Lima became the colonial capital.
Colonial Wealth
Peru became famous for:
Silver.
Gold.
PotosÃ
The silver mines of:
PotosÃ
were within the Viceroyalty of Peru.
Silver
Silver transformed:
Global trade.
Manila
Peruvian silver could enter trade networks connecting:
The Americas.
Asia.
Europe.
Globalization
Peru became part of:
The first truly global economic networks.
Indigenous Labor
Colonial mining depended heavily upon:
Indigenous labor.
Mita
The colonial system used forms of:
Forced labor.
Human Cost
Mining produced enormous:
Human suffering.
Catholicism
Spanish rule brought:
Roman Catholic Christianity.
Missionaries
Catholic missionaries traveled throughout:
The Andes.
Indigenous Christianity
Christianity gradually became integrated with:
Andean culture.
Cusco School
One of the great artistic traditions was:
the Cusco School.
Cusco School
Artists combined:
European Christian imagery
with:
Andean artistic traditions.
Religious Art
Churches became filled with:
Paintings.
Sculptures.
Altars.
Saints
Indigenous artists depicted:
Christian saints.
Syncretism
Some traditions combined:
Christian.
and:
Indigenous
symbols.
Resistance
Not all Indigenous peoples accepted:
Spanish authority.
Túpac Amaru II
One of the most famous Indigenous resistance leaders was:
Túpac Amaru II.
1780
His rebellion began in:
1780.
Resistance
The uprising challenged:
Colonial oppression.
Legacy
Túpac Amaru II became a symbol of:
Indigenous resistance.
Independence
Peru eventually entered the:
Latin American independence movement.
José de San MartÃn
José de San MartÃn
arrived in Peru after campaigns in:
Argentina.
Chile.
1821
San MartÃn declared Peruvian independence in:
1821.
Simón BolÃvar
Independence was completed with major assistance from:
Simón BolÃvar.
Antonio José de Sucre
BolÃvar's general:
Antonio José de Sucre
won the:
Battle of Ayacucho
in:
1824.
Ayacucho
The Battle of Ayacucho effectively ended major Spanish military power in:
South America.
Republic
Peru became:
A republic.
Independence Challenges
The new republic faced:
Political instability.
Economic problems.
Regional divisions.
Indigenous Peoples
Indigenous communities remained:
The majority in many regions.
Citizenship
Yet they often remained:
Politically marginalized.
Nineteenth Century
Peru experienced:
Political instability.
Military rule.
Economic booms.
Guano
One of Peru's most famous resources was:
guano.
Guano
Bird droppings were harvested as:
Fertilizer.
Guano Boom
Guano exports generated enormous:
Government revenue.
Economic Boom
Peru became one of the world's major:
Fertilizer suppliers.
Railroads
Railroads expanded through:
The Andes.
Engineering
Andean railways required:
Extraordinary engineering.
War of the Pacific
Peru later entered a devastating conflict with:
Chile.
1879
The:
War of the Pacific
began in:
1879.
Chile
Chile fought:
Peru.
and:
Bolivia.
Resources
The conflict was partly connected to:
Natural resources.
Nitrate
Nitrate-rich territories became:
Strategically valuable.
Occupation
Chile occupied:
Lima.
Lima Occupied
Peru experienced:
Military occupation.
Treaty
The war ended with territorial losses for:
Peru.
and:
Bolivia.
National Trauma
The War of the Pacific remains deeply significant to:
Peruvian identity.
Reconstruction
Peru rebuilt after:
The war.
Twentieth Century
Peru experienced:
Military governments.
Civilian governments.
Political instability.
Economic transformation.
Indigenous Revival
Indigenous identity increasingly became:
Politically visible.
Quechua
Quechua remains one of Peru's most important:
Indigenous language families.
Quechua
Quechua was widely used throughout:
The Inca Empire.
Modern Quechua
Millions of people continue to speak:
Quechua varieties.
Aymara
Aymara communities are especially important around:
Lake Titicaca.
Indigenous Languages
Peru officially recognizes:
Multiple Indigenous languages.
Language Preservation
Language preservation is critical to:
Cultural survival.
Amazonian Peoples
Peru is also home to numerous:
Amazonian Indigenous peoples.
Amazonia
The Peruvian Amazon contains:
Hundreds of Indigenous communities.
Shipibo-Konibo
The:
Shipibo-Konibo
are among the best-known Indigenous peoples of:
Amazonian Peru.
Asháninka
The:
Asháninka
are another major Indigenous people.
Awajún
The:
Awajún
live primarily in:
Northern Peru.
Matsés
The:
Matsés
live in:
The Amazon region.
Indigenous Rights
Indigenous communities face:
Land pressures.
Deforestation.
Mining.
Oil extraction.
Illegal logging.
Amazon Forest
The Peruvian Amazon is part of:
The world's largest tropical rainforest.
Biodiversity
Peru is one of the world's most:
Biodiverse countries.
Manu
Manu National Park
is one of Peru's most important protected areas.
Manu
It contains:
Rainforest.
Cloud forest.
Mountain ecosystems.
Tambopata
Tambopata National Reserve
protects:
Amazonian biodiversity.
Tambopata
The region contains:
Macaws.
Monkeys.
Jaguars.
Giant river otters.
Andes-Amazon Connection
Peru is unique because:
The Andes descend directly into:
Amazonia.
Cloud Forest
The transition zone contains:
Cloud forests.
Biodiversity Hotspot
This creates extraordinary:
Ecological diversity.
Condor
The:
Andean condor
is one of Peru's iconic birds.
Spectacled Bear
The:
spectacled bear
is South America's only:
Native bear species.
Jaguar
The Amazon contains:
Jaguars.
Giant River Otter
Peruvian Amazon waters contain:
Giant river otters.
Pink River Dolphin
Amazon rivers contain:
River dolphins.
Vicuña
The:
vicuña
remains an iconic Andean animal.
Alpaca
Alpacas remain important to:
Andean communities.
Agriculture
Peru's agriculture varies enormously by:
Elevation.
Coast
Coastal agriculture depends upon:
Irrigation.
Andes
Highland agriculture includes:
Potatoes.
Quinoa.
Maize.
Amazon
Amazonian agriculture includes:
Cassava.
Bananas.
Cacao.
Cacao
Peru produces high-quality:
Cacao.
Coffee
Peruvian coffee is an important:
Export.
Asparagus
Peru has also become a major producer of:
Asparagus.
Blueberries
Peru has developed a major:
Blueberry export industry.
Fishing
Peru has one of the world's most important:
Marine fisheries.
Anchoveta
The:
Peruvian anchoveta
is central to the fishing industry.
Humboldt Current
The:
Humboldt Current
brings nutrient-rich water along the coast.
Marine Productivity
This creates extraordinarily productive:
Fisheries.
El Niño
But:
El Niño
can dramatically alter:
Ocean temperatures.
Fishing
El Niño events can cause:
Fish populations to shift.
Climate
Peru's geography produces many:
Microclimates.
Andes
Mountain elevation creates:
Thousands of ecological zones.
Climate Change
Climate change threatens:
Glaciers.
Water supplies.
Agriculture.
Forests.
Fisheries.
Glaciers
Peru contains many:
Tropical glaciers.
Glacier Retreat
Glaciers are retreating because of:
Warming temperatures.
Water
Millions of people depend directly or indirectly upon:
Andean water systems.
Dry Season
Glacial and mountain water can become especially important during:
Dry periods.
Climate Justice
Peru demonstrates that climate change affects:
Water security.
Mining
Peru is one of the world's major producers of:
Copper.
Silver.
Gold.
Zinc.
Lead.
Copper
Copper is especially important to:
The modern economy.
Silver
Peru remains one of the world's leading:
Silver producers.
Gold
Gold mining is economically important.
Mining Conflict
Mining can create conflicts involving:
Water.
Land.
Indigenous rights.
Pollution.
Kingdom Stewardship
Economic resources should not become:
An excuse for environmental destruction.
Water
Water must remain:
Protected.
Indigenous Rights
Indigenous communities must have:
A voice.
Consultation
Development should include:
Meaningful consultation.
Lima
Modern Peru is increasingly:
Urban.
Lima
Millions live in:
The Lima metropolitan area.
Migration
Many Peruvians migrated from:
The Andes.
and:
Amazonia
to:
The coast.
Urbanization
Urbanization transformed:
Peruvian society.
Informal Economy
A large informal economy exists in:
Urban areas.
Poverty
Poverty remains a major challenge.
Inequality
Economic inequality exists between:
Regions.
Classes.
Ethnic communities.
Rural Communities
Rural Andean and Amazonian communities can have:
Limited access to services.
Education
Education has expanded significantly.
Universities
Peru has major:
Universities.
Science
Peru increasingly invests in:
Scientific research.
Archaeology
Archaeology remains particularly important.
Ancient Knowledge
Peru's archaeological heritage provides lessons in:
Agriculture.
Engineering.
Architecture.
Water management.
Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu demonstrates:
Water engineering.
Nazca
The Nazca demonstrate:
Landscape engineering.
Moche
The Moche demonstrate:
Irrigation.
Inca
The Inca demonstrate:
Terracing.
Road construction.
Administration.
Modern Lesson
Ancient societies understood:
Their environments.
Kingdom Stewardship
Modern Peru can learn from:
Ancient Andean wisdom.
Catholic Christianity
Catholicism remains the country's largest:
Christian tradition.
Señor de los Milagros
One of Peru's largest religious traditions is:
the Lord of Miracles.
Purple Tradition
The:
Señor de los Milagros
processions are famous throughout:
Lima.
Processions
Thousands participate in:
Public religious processions.
Indigenous Christianity
Christianity in Peru has developed:
Distinctively Andean expressions.
Cusco
Cusco contains:
Churches.
Cathedrals.
Inca foundations.
Cathedral of Cusco
The cathedral contains:
Colonial religious art.
Coricancha
The:
Qorikancha
was the Inca Temple of the Sun.
Santo Domingo
The Spanish built:
A church
over the Inca complex.
Symbol
This site symbolizes the collision between:
Inca religion.
and:
Spanish Christianity.
Syncretism
Peruvian Christianity often contains:
Indigenous cultural elements.
Discernment
The Church must distinguish between:
Biblical faith.
and:
Practices inconsistent with Scripture.
Evangelical Growth
Evangelical Christianity has grown significantly in:
Peru.
Pentecostal Christianity
Pentecostal churches are particularly influential among:
Urban.
Andean.
and:
Indigenous
communities.
Mission
Peru has the opportunity to become:
A missionary-sending nation.
Peruvian Diaspora
Millions of Peruvians live outside:
Peru.
Diaspora
Peruvian communities exist throughout:
The Americas.
Europe.
Asia.
Cultural Influence
Peruvian cuisine and culture have become:
Internationally recognized.
Food
Peruvian cuisine combines:
Indigenous.
Spanish.
African.
Chinese.
Japanese.
and:
Other influences.
Ceviche
Ceviche
is one of Peru's most famous dishes.
Potatoes
Peru's potato diversity remains:
Extraordinary.
Chifa
Peruvian-Chinese cuisine is known as:
chifa.
Nikkei
Peruvian-Japanese cuisine is known as:
Nikkei cuisine.
Afro-Peruvian Culture
Afro-Peruvian communities have contributed:
Music.
Dance.
Food.
Culture.
Music
Peruvian music includes:
Andean.
Coastal.
Amazonian.
Afro-Peruvian.
and:
Modern genres.
Panpipes
Andean:
panpipes
are iconic.
Charango
The:
charango
is another famous Andean instrument.
Dance
Traditional dances include:
Marinera.
Huayno.
Marinera
The:
Marinera
is one of Peru's most famous dances.
Huayno
Huayno
is deeply rooted in:
Andean culture.
Textiles
Peruvian textiles are among the world's:
Most distinctive.
Andean Weaving
Traditional weaving preserves:
Patterns.
Symbols.
History.
Kingdom Culture
Cultural preservation can be:
An act of stewardship.
Peru's Kingdom Assignment
Peru's Kingdom assignment can be summarized as:
Mountain nation.
Ancient civilization nation.
Andes-Amazon bridge.
Quechua heritage nation.
Aymara heritage nation.
Indigenous language guardian.
Christian nation.
Mission-sending nation.
Archaeological treasure nation.
Agricultural innovation nation.
Water stewardship nation.
Amazon rainforest nation.
Pacific fisheries nation.
Biodiversity nation.
Cultural fusion nation.
Reconciliation nation.
South American civilizational center.
Prayer for Peru
Pray:
- For the President.
- For Congress.
- For judges.
- For local governments.
- For democratic institutions.
- For political stability.
- For justice.
- For honest government.
- For freedom from corruption.
- For the poor.
- For families.
- For children.
- For women.
- For young people.
- For elders.
- For rural communities.
- For farmers.
- For fishermen.
- For miners.
- For workers.
- For entrepreneurs.
- For Indigenous peoples.
- For Quechua communities.
- For Aymara communities.
- For Amazonian peoples.
- For Shipibo-Konibo communities.
- For Asháninka communities.
- For Awajún communities.
- For Matsés communities.
- For every Indigenous language.
- For bilingual education.
- For cultural preservation.
- For Indigenous land rights.
- For Christian churches.
- For Catholic Christians.
- For Evangelicals.
- For Pentecostals.
- For Baptists.
- For pastors.
- For missionaries.
- For Bible translators.
- For Christian schools.
- For Christian hospitals.
- For spiritual awakening.
- For the Gospel to reach every community.
- For Christian unity.
- For Lima.
- For Cusco.
- For Arequipa.
- For Trujillo.
- For Iquitos.
- For Puno.
- For Ayacucho.
- For Cajamarca.
- For the Andes.
- For the Amazon.
- For the Pacific coast.
- For the Paraguay River— [correction: Peru's river systems and the Amazon Basin].
- For the Amazon River system.
- For Lake Titicaca.
- For the Pacific Ocean.
- For the Humboldt Current.
- For fisheries.
- For anchoveta.
- For sustainable fishing.
- For agriculture.
- For potatoes.
- For quinoa.
- For maize.
- For cacao.
- For coffee.
- For farmers.
- For food security.
- For mining.
- For copper.
- For silver.
- For gold.
- For responsible resource development.
- For clean water.
- For rivers.
- For glaciers.
- For climate resilience.
- For Amazon forests.
- For cloud forests.
- For Manu.
- For Tambopata.
- For biodiversity.
- For jaguars.
- For spectacled bears.
- For condors.
- For vicuñas.
- For alpacas.
- For giant river otters.
- For river dolphins.
- For sea life.
- For sea turtles.
- For whales.
- For sustainable tourism.
- For Machu Picchu.
- For Cusco.
- For Nazca.
- For Caral.
- For Chan Chan.
- For archaeological preservation.
- For honest historical scholarship.
- For Afro-Peruvian communities.
- For Chinese-Peruvian communities.
- For Japanese-Peruvian communities.
- For cultural unity.
- For reconciliation.
- For justice between regions.
- For Indigenous communities.
- For urban communities.
- For the Peruvian diaspora.
- For Peru's relationships with Ecuador.
- For Colombia.
- For Brazil.
- For Bolivia.
- For Chile.
- For Argentina.
- For peaceful South American cooperation.
- For Peru to become a blessing to:
- The Andes.
- Amazonia.
- South America.
- The nations.
Peru Before the Throne
Peru has experienced:
Caral.
Nazca.
Moche.
Wari.
Tiwanaku.
Chimú.
The Inca Empire.
Cusco.
Machu Picchu.
Spanish conquest.
Pizarro.
Atahualpa.
The Viceroyalty.
Silver.
Catholic missions.
Indigenous resistance.
Túpac Amaru II.
Independence.
San MartÃn.
BolÃvar.
Ayacucho.
The guano boom.
The War of the Pacific.
Modernization.
Military governments.
Democracy.
Indigenous revival.
Amazonian development.
Mining.
Agriculture.
Tourism.
From Caral to Cusco
Peru contains:
Thousands of years of civilization.
From Nazca to Machu Picchu
Ancient Peruvians transformed:
Desert.
Mountain.
Valley.
From Moche to Inca
Civilizations learned from:
Those who came before them.
From Inca to Spanish
The conquest transformed:
The entire continent.
From Gold to Gospel
Spanish conquest brought:
Christianity.
But also:
Colonial exploitation.
From Resistance to Independence
Peru's history contains repeated struggles for:
Freedom.
From San MartÃn to BolÃvar
Independence required:
Multiple leaders.
From War to Reconstruction
The War of the Pacific demonstrates:
The cost of resource conflict.
From Andes to Amazon
Peru connects:
Two great ecosystems.
From Pacific to Rainforest
Its geography is:
Extraordinary.
From Ancient Agriculture to Modern Science
Ancient Peruvian agriculture offers:
Lessons for modern food security.
From Indigenous Knowledge to Modern Conservation
Traditional knowledge can contribute to:
Environmental protection.
From Catholic Heritage to Global Mission
Peru's Christian heritage can become:
A missionary force.
The Andes
The Andes are not merely:
Mountains.
They are:
A civilization.
The Amazon
The Amazon is not merely:
Forest.
It is:
A living ecosystem.
The Pacific
The Pacific is not merely:
Ocean.
It is:
A source of life.
Stewardship
Peru must protect:
All three.
Water
The Andes provide:
Water.
Forest
The Amazon regulates:
Climate.
Ocean
The Humboldt Current provides:
Food.
Kingdom Stewardship
Peru can demonstrate:
Creation care from:
Mountain to forest to sea.
Peru's Future
Peru can become a leader in:
Water conservation.
Indigenous rights.
Biodiversity.
Sustainable mining.
Agriculture.
Renewable energy.
Christian mission.
Cultural preservation.
Indigenous Rights
Indigenous communities must participate in:
Decisions affecting their lands.
Mining
Mining must protect:
Water.
Amazonia
Amazonian development must protect:
Forest.
Agriculture
Agriculture must protect:
Soil.
Fisheries
Fishing must protect:
Marine ecosystems.
Tourism
Tourism must protect:
Cultural heritage.
Christianity
The Church must protect:
Human dignity.
Final Commission
May Peru become a nation of:
Wisdom.
Justice.
Peace.
Stewardship.
May the Andes remain:
Majestic.
May the glaciers be:
Protected.
May mountain waters remain:
Clean.
May the Amazon remain:
Standing.
May Indigenous communities remain:
Strong.
May Quechua flourish.
May Aymara flourish.
May Amazonian languages flourish.
May children learn:
Their ancestral languages.
May elders be:
Honored.
May Indigenous land rights be:
Protected.
May farmers prosper.
May traditional agricultural knowledge be:
Preserved.
May Peru's potato diversity remain:
Protected.
May quinoa remain:
A blessing.
May cacao and coffee farmers prosper.
May fishermen prosper.
May anchoveta fisheries remain:
Sustainable.
May the Humboldt Current remain:
Healthy.
May the Pacific Ocean remain:
Protected.
May Manu flourish.
May Tambopata flourish.
May the Amazon rainforest remain:
Healthy.
May jaguars survive.
May spectacled bears survive.
May condors soar.
May vicuñas thrive.
May alpacas remain:
A blessing to Andean communities.
May river dolphins remain:
Protected.
May giant river otters remain:
Protected.
May mining be:
Responsible.
May copper, silver, and gold wealth benefit:
The people.
May mining never destroy:
Water.
May corporations respect:
Communities.
May governments enforce:
Environmental laws.
May Lima flourish.
May Cusco flourish.
May Arequipa flourish.
May Iquitos flourish.
May Puno flourish.
May every region receive:
Opportunity.
May the poor receive:
Justice.
May children receive:
Education.
May women receive:
Safety.
May families receive:
Opportunity.
May healthcare reach:
Remote communities.
May roads connect:
Mountain villages.
May technology reach:
Amazonian communities.
May the Peruvian diaspora remain:
Connected to the homeland.
May Machu Picchu remain:
Protected.
May Caral remain:
Protected.
May Nazca remain:
Protected.
May Chan Chan remain:
Protected.
May Moche heritage remain:
Protected.
May Peru's archaeological treasures remain:
For future generations.
May history be taught:
Honestly.
May the crimes of conquest be:
Acknowledged.
May Indigenous resistance be:
Remembered.
May the suffering of colonial laborers be:
Remembered.
May the contributions of Christianity be:
Remembered.
May the Church reject:
Colonial arrogance.
May Christians reject:
Racism.
May Christians reject:
Indigenous cultural contempt.
May Christians preach:
Christ.
May the Gospel be proclaimed in:
Quechua.
Aymara.
Spanish.
and:
Every Indigenous language.
May Christian churches become:
Houses of prayer.
May pastors lead:
With integrity.
May missionaries serve:
With humility.
May Peru become:
A missionary-sending nation.
May Catholic and Protestant Christians learn:
Cooperation.
May Evangelicals reach:
The unreached.
May Pentecostal churches serve:
The poor.
May Christians become:
Peacemakers.
May Peru heal:
From political violence.
May Peru heal:
From terrorism.
May Peru heal:
From dictatorship.
May Peru heal:
From corruption.
May Peru heal:
From inequality.
May Peru become:
A nation of reconciliation.
May its history become:
A teacher.
May its mountains become:
A witness.
May its rivers become:
A blessing.
May its forests become:
A sanctuary.
May its ocean become:
A source of life.
May Peru become:
A bridge between ancient civilization and modern stewardship.
And may the people of Peru, together with every nation, tribe, people, and language, one day stand before the throne and proclaim:
"Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God Almighty; just and true are thy ways, thou King of saints."
(Revelation 15:3)
Amen.
🇵🇪 Kingdom Nations Series – Part 138
Peru
From Caral to the Inca.
From Nazca to Moche.
From Wari to Chimú.
From Tiwanaku to Cusco.
From the Andes to Amazonia.
From Machu Picchu to Lima.
From Atahualpa to Pizarro.
From conquest to resistance.
From Túpac Amaru II to independence.
From San MartÃn to BolÃvar.
From Ayacucho to the republic.
From guano to modernization.
From the War of the Pacific to reconstruction.
From Quechua to Spanish.
From Aymara to Amazonian peoples.
From Catholic heritage to Evangelical growth.
From the Pacific to the Humboldt Current.
From potatoes to quinoa.
From copper to silver.
From gold to stewardship.
From glaciers to rivers.
From cloud forests to Amazonia.
From jaguars to condors.
From Machu Picchu to the nations.
From Peru to South America.
From Peru to the Kingdom.
From Peru to the throne.
End of Kingdom Nations Series – Part 138: 🇵🇪 Peru
Coming Next: 🌎 Kingdom Nations Series – Part 139: 🇵🇠Philippines — From ancient Austronesian peoples and barangay societies through Spanish colonization, Ferdinand Magellan, Catholic Christianity, the Philippine Revolution, José Rizal, Emilio Aguinaldo, American rule, World War II, independence, Filipino culture, the archipelago's 7,000-plus islands, Indigenous peoples, overseas Filipino communities, Christianity, Islam in Mindanao, biodiversity, the South China Sea, modern democracy, and the Philippines' Kingdom calling.
